CIVIL CASE STAGES:
1. Filing of Plaint/Petition: The process begins with the filing of a plaint (in suits) or petition (in applications) by the plaintiff or petitioner, outlining the facts of the case, the relief sought, and the legal basis for the claim.
2. Pleadings: Once the plaint/petition is filed, the defendant is served with a copy and is required to submit a written statement of defense, known as a written statement, within a specified period. The plaintiff may then file a replication, if necessary.
3. Issues Framing: The court identifies the key points of dispute between the parties based on the pleadings and evidence submitted. These points are called "issues," and they form the basis for the trial.
4. Evidence: Both parties have the opportunity to present evidence in support of their case. This may include documents, witness testimony, expert opinions, and other forms of evidence.
5. Examination and Cross-Examination of Witnesses: Witnesses may be examined by both the party who called them (examination-in-chief) and the opposing party (cross-examination) to test their credibility and the reliability of their testimony.
7. Judgment: The court considers the evidence, arguments, and applicable law before delivering its judgment. The judgment outlines the court's decision on the issues raised in the case and may include orders for relief, such as compensation, injunctions, or specific performance.
8. Appeals: Either party dissatisfied with the judgment may file an appeal before a higher court within the prescribed time limit. The appellate court reviews the case and may affirm, reverse, or modify the lower court's decision.
9. Execution of Decree: If the judgment includes an order for payment of money or any other specific relief, the successful party can initiate execution proceedings to enforce the court's decree.
