CRIMINAL CASE STAGES:
1. Filing of FIR (First Information Report): The process typically begins with the filing of an FIR at a police station by the victim or someone with knowledge of the crime. The FIR is the first official document in a criminal case and sets the legal process in motion.
2.
Investigation: After the FIR is lodged, the police
conduct an investigation to gather evidence, collect witness statements, and
identify suspects. This may involve forensic analysis, surveillance, and other
investigative techniques.
3. Arrest: If the police have sufficient evidence, they may arrest the accused. The arrested person must be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest (excluding the time necessary for travel).
4. Bail Hearing: After arrest, the accused may apply for bail, which is a temporary release from custody pending trial. A bail hearing is conducted to determine whether bail should be granted, taking into account factors like the seriousness of the offense, the likelihood of the accused fleeing, and the potential threat to public safety.
5. Charge Sheet or Final Report: Once the investigation is complete, the police submit a charge sheet or final report to the magistrate. The charge sheet contains details of the evidence collected and the charges against the accused.
6. Framing of Charges: Based on the charge sheet and evidence, the magistrate decides whether there is sufficient evidence to proceed with the case. If so, formal charges are framed against the accused.
7. Trial: The trial begins with the prosecution presenting its case, including evidence and witnesses. The defense then has the opportunity to present its case and cross-examine witnesses. The trial is conducted in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the Indian Evidence Act.
8. Judgment: After hearing arguments from both sides, the court delivers its judgment. If the accused is found guilty, the court pronounces the sentence. If found not guilty, the accused is acquitted.
9. Appeals: Either party (prosecution or defense) may appeal the verdict to a higher court if they believe there was an error in the trial process or judgment. The appellate court reviews the case and may uphold, reverse, or modify the lower court's decision.
10. Execution of Sentence (if applicable): If the accused is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment or another punishment, the sentence is carried out as per the court's order.
